Composite wall and method of construction same.



J. H. MAGDIEL. GOMPOSITE WALL AND METHOD OF GONSTRUGTING SAME. APPLICATION FILED M122. 1909.

939,726. Patented N0v.9 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. H. MAGDIEL. COMPOSITE WALL AND METHOD OF GONSTBUG'IING SAM APPLIOATION rmm MAY 22. 1909. V

- Patented N0v.9, 1909. 2 sums-91mm 2.

Wilma JOHN H. MAGDIEL, OF SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, AQSIGIRTGR TO I IAGDIEL-MORRIS MANU- EACT'UEING COMPANY, GE SAL-Ci. LlKE 'CETY, UTAH, A COEPGRAIION 01* UTAH.

GOMPGSITE 'WA'LL AND METHOD O1 CONSTRUCTKNG SAME.

Application filed 22, 3909.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, JDHN H. ballroom-L, a

subject of the King of Norwey, residing Salt Lake Cit" in the count? or" Salt Lake v JY and {state at Utah. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composite and costly method, as the Work has to be performed from hanging scaffolds after the building has been put up and the slabs are more or less inadequately anchored. Still another method is to build a double facing for the Wall out of slabs and fill in between the slabs with concrete progressively as the Wall goes up, the slabs forming a mold to hold the concrete the Wall goes up. Al

thou 'h differ-in from it in lll'l ortent oarticulars, my invention relates more early to the latter method and it consists in a new method of working and also a new constrdction of Wall. whereby great economy of working is obtained and a true, :1Idl501118 and substantial composite Wall built at the lowest cost and inthe most rapid manner, as will be hereinafter more fully dcscrihed with reference to the drawings. in which,

l ignre l. is a front perspective View of a portion of a Wall laid in accordance with my invention. Figs. 2 and '2 are enlarged details showing the method of applying the bracing, Fig. 2 being in perspective View and Fig. 2 in front elevation. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section through the wall,

the mold side. and the slab facing at one of the vertical joints of the sa 1e, and Figs. t 5 and (5 are )crs .iective mews SllOWlllO niodiv T, i o hcations oi the invention. 1113. l showing an arrqngenient for a double iced wall, Fig. 5 showing a brick lacing and showing the anchorage for the brick hie Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 A represents Specification of Letters Patent.

Zietented Nov, 19b9,

IrTo. QQEQ'YEJS.

slabs, which may be of marble, slate, artificial stone, or any other desired material. Each slob formed with anchorage holes in its four edges as follows; holes 1 at the middle of its upper and lower edges, holes 2 in the end edges near the top and holes 3 in the end edges at the bottom. These holes are adapted to cooperate with the braces D and D which are made of strap iron. The plane of the cross section of brace l is vertical and its upper end is adapted to enter the vertical mortar joint between the abutting ends of two adjacent slabs and said upper end is provided with adouble dowel pin 2 one end of which enters a hole 2 in the end edge of one slab, and the other end of which dowel pin enters the correspondhole 2 in the edge of the adjacent slab. The brace D is set inclinedly, or at an acute angle to the slab, and has its foot or lower end adapted to be anchored to an anchor block a. in the concrete filling at a point within the sides or' the filling. The brace D is twisted so that its upper portion is in a vertical plane but its lower end or foot is in 1 horizontal plane. The vertical plane gives il'ness, presents a sharp knife edgeto the llinl concrete and this together with its nciined position, which allows the fallin concrete to strike it at an acute angle and glancing b ew, prevents the concrete from -'ing the slab or falsifying its plane after being set. The brace D is horizontal and its cross sectional plane is horizontal and one end of the same is formed with two upturned lugs 3", 3 and one intermediate downtafzrned lugl. Core of the upturned log 3} looks into the hole 3 in. the lower end edge ofn slab, and the other lug 3 locks into the corresponding hole 3 of the abutting slab in the sonic horizontal series, While the idmvn-turn 'l lug l enters the hole 1 in the middle of he upper horizontal edge of the slab.

D" e t-ends "to and connects with the same block which secures the foot of d brace. fne anchorage block a i is a wooden bloelr of dovetail shape, largest the bottom, t ioroughly saturated with oil so it is non absorbent and will neither expand nor contract from the absorption of Water. These blocks are embedded in the top of each layer of concrete as it 1s land 3 43 .L hi the upper suriace and the foot of Theother'end or the horizontal brace the brace, the wedge and the anchorage block, to fix and hold the slab and braces in true and permanent position while the nex layer of concrete is being filled in.

-The slabs A are set-up, one horizontal layer at a time around the whole building, and form one side of the mold which is to receive the concrete and which slabs become' when the concrete sets a permanently connected wall facing. In order to hold the concrete while being filled in behind these slabs, I employ a horizontally shiftable one side mold plate B, Figs. 1 and 3. .This oneside mold is of my invention and has been covered by me in United States Patent No..

926,269, June 29, 1909. It consists of a metal plate with flanged edges. It is supported on one side of a wall as it is built up by means of downwardly projecting pins ('2 Fig-3, along its lower edge, which pins are inserted in the projecting loops or eyes 1 of wire anchors t which are built in "each layer of concrete L, as the wall goes up, the eyes 7' projecting from the concrete just far enough to receive the pins 22 of the metal. mold and hold it up. The mold plate B is clamped in vertical position and held against one side of the wall {by two or more cant'alivers C fulcrumed to the lower edge of the plate and having each a bearingcfoot c at the lower end that bears against the previously laid layer of wall, and a cam-headed or cranked lever c at the upper end, that locks the mold side and cantaliver together against the wall. This one-side wall mold is supported inthe anchor loops 9* and after the concrete is filled in and tamped between it and the permanent slabs on the other side, the detachable one side mold is loosened by turning its levers 0 and its pins 1) are lifted out of the-supportingcyes r of the wire anchors t and the oneside mold is'adjusted horizontally along the wall a distance nearly equal to its length and is there reclamped and the filling continued ,to further extend the horizontal layer of concrete.

.In order to give greater strength to the wall to prevent settlement and cracking, l embeded a metal reinforcement between each layer of concrete; This reinforcement is shown at E E and consists of two parallel wire cable strands or rods with cross wire connections E. This is made of a width to be fullyembedded in the concrete and after a layer of concrete has been laid and before the braces for the next course of slabs have been set I lay this reinforcement;

longitudinally along the top of each layer and then pack the concrete for the ne t layer on top of the same.

Mode of ope1atz'ng.ln my method of building the composite or faced concrete wall, the basic layer of slabs with a removable mold side forms a mold which is first filled with concrete all around the building and in this concrete are embedded the wire anchors t a short distance below the v top of the layer and also the oil-soaked wooden blocks a which are flush with the upper surface. These blocks are spaced to correspond'with the position of the vertical joints of the slabs. The reinforcing E E is then laid on. A second horizontal course of slabs is next erected on one side above the first course and are held in position by the come sufficiently rigid in their matrix of cement to stand the nailing and erection of the following course of braces.

It'has been common to build a filled and faced wall with double facings in which the facin were reciprocally connected across one to the other. This allows both together to swing in or out and the falling of'concrete on the horizontal cross pieces jars the slabs or blocks and has a tendency to draw them into a distorted position out of plumb. In my invention, it will be seen, that the slabs are held by inclined braces whose feet have an anchorage in the set and solid subjacent layer of. concrete by anchorage blocks embedded in the body of the wall, which gives a rigid, positive and independent support for" the slabs to hold them in place and allows the one side wall mold to be worked on the inner side. The inclination of the braces and their sharp edges in vertical direction also prevents falling concrete from having any disturbing effect upon them and thus preserving the plumb of the slabs after once being set. Each slab, it will be seen, is also anchored on all four of its edges, at two points in the middle in its horizontal edges, and two points at each end.

In setting up the facing slabs or bricks, I first apply to the inner side of the same, next to the concrete, a surface coating of adhesive waterproof material, as shown in Fig. 3; This prevents the moisture from the concrete from penetrating the slabs or bricks and producing efllorescence stains on stable and in aim without seer/2e 8 the outside and also prevents moisture from the weather from passing through to the inside.

With reference to the incorpontion of the longitudinal reinforcing, l would state, that preventing the wall from sagging and cracking if there should be a Weak spot in the foundations, as sometimes happens on made ground. M

ln order that, me valu'eot this construction of wall may be still better understood, 1 would call attention to the fact that the supporting body of the Wallis composed exclusively ofcemcntconcrete in a series oil s perposed layers, which layers are quite rapidly laid one upon the other, progressively upward. When such built up wall has attained a certain'height, its increasing and cumulative Weight is liable .to cause the lower layers, which are not fully set, to

" bulge out or mash down under the superincumbent Weight, so that ordinarily a wall laidin layers would have to wait at regular intervals for the lower layers .to set and harden before loading them with other su per'oosed layers. This involves a great loss at time in building" whichmy wall construction and method of laying is designed to avoid. That is to say, when the layers .oi 'relatiyely sort concrete are alternated with layers oflona'itudinal metal reinforclaid between the layers and embedded eherem, such metal reinforcing with its ladder-lilac cross connections, acts a tension member which holds the entire mass mashing down, bulging out, or getting oiit of plumb, so that construction mayrapidly progress without long intervals of cessation from work for the concrete to set, and thus much valuable time bes'aved, while at the same time the wall when set ture, becomes a very strongly braced and stable wall.

' As a'modification of my invention, 1 may maltea. double faced wall as seen in Fig. --l

where A s are similar slabs anchored by the same method of inclined bracing to anchorage blocks embedded in the top surface of a subjacent layer of concrete. In

this case nse of the shiftable one-side wail mold is dispensed with.

' instead ofusing upright thin slabs for the facing, relay, as a iurther rncdification, use a. cfbliclts, as seen at A in Fig. 5, it being understood that when I use the term slab as racing; material I mean also to in :clnde laminated slabs llkeiirlcks.

V in such and longitudinally-in the horizontal en r-he briclr courses at, suitable netal tiehairy; seerfgg 5 andfi,

and unified in a monolithic strucand form the inclined braces D with hooked ends that embrace the tie bar in the laminated wall. A horizontal brace [D is used on the top of each layer of concrete and the anchorage ends of these braces may be secured either by the wedge and nail heretofore described, on by fins turned onthc ends of the braces and hammered into the wood anchorage blocks. in this case the one-side wall mold B may be used.

In my method of all construction, the concrete is brought to the wall as it rises by an overhead conveycr, such as shown and described in Patent No. 917,331, April (3. 1909, and the workman in ramming the con- ;crete stands on a hanging platform or shelf which is supported by pins or hooks in the eyes '1 of the anchors t and which platform is shifted horizontally along with the oneside wall mold. I

The great advantage of my method is to be found in the reduction of expense for forms and scallolding, the. convenience in operating and the substantial and economic construction of the Va 1. The bracing of the facing slabs obliquely downward into an anchorage in the previously laid ,and set concrete of the subjacent layer "is an important feature of the method, since it gives an individual, solid and invariable anchorage for the slabs. The braces are not liable to be disturbed by the falling; concrete from the conveyer buckets and as the braces and their anchorage blocks are entirely embedded in the middle portion of the wall. the inner face of the wall is free and unob structcd for the working of the one-side wall mold along the same.

I claim. I

1. The method at building a faced coucrcte wall, which consists in laying' a layer of concrete filling, building a permanent facing above the layer of. concrete filling at one side of the same said permanent facing to become a part of the completed wall. independently anchoring said facing by braces extending downwardly into the subjacent layer of filling and then filling with concrete behind said facing and embedding the anchors.

2. The method of building a faced concrete Wall, which consists in laying alternately a layer or concrete and a facing of upright slabs, the facing of slabs being built in advance and above each subjacent layer of concrete and being independently braced obliquely'down into an embedded anchorage in the middle of said subjacent layer of concrete and then sealing said holding means by a succeeding layer of concrete enveloping the anchorage.

3. The method of building a faced concretewall, which consists in laying a layer of concrete filling, erecting abovethis layer atone side a permanent upright facing of 1 each surface slabs to form a mold sideand permanent wall facing, bracing these slabs in dependently down into the middle of the subjacent layer of filling, embedding in the wall on the opposite side protruding mold:

supporting anchors and. sup orting and working thereon a horizonta ly shiftable mold side.

4. The method of building a faced concrete wall, which consists in laying a layer of concrete filling, erecting above this layer at one side a permanent upright facing of surface slabs to form a mold side and permanent wall facing, bracing these slabs independently down into the middle of the subjacent layer of fillingin a direction -in clined to the vertical to receive the falling concrete thereon at an acute angle.

5. A faced concrete wall, composed of a succession of layers, each layer consisting of an external series of slabs, a filling'of concrete behind it and a series of inclined braces extending from the upper part of each la er of wall slabs downwardly throu 'h M said fil ing of concrete and anchored in t e body of concrete of the layer below the layer containing said braces. 6. A faced concrete wall, composed of a succession of, layers, each layer consisting of an external series of slabs, a filling of concrete behind it and a series of inclined braces extending of wall s abs downwardly through said 11- ing of concrete and anchored in the body of concrete of the layer below the layer containing said braces and a second set of horizontal braces extending from the jointat the bottom of the layer of slabs to the foot of the inclined braces and connected to and having. the same anchorage.

7. A facedconcrete wall, composed of a succession of layers,.each layer consisting of an external series of slabs, a filling of concrete behind it and a series of incllned braces extending from the upper part of layer of wall slabs through said filling of concrete and anchored in the body of concrete of the layer below the layer containing said braces and a second set of horizontal braces extendin from the joint at the bottom of the layer 0 slabs to the foot of the inclined braces and connected to and having the same anchorage, said anchorage being a block embedded in the top surface of the subjacent layer of concrete.

8. A faced concrete wall, composed of a v succession of layers, each layer consisting of from the upper part of each la er downwardly.

zontal braces extending from the joint at the bottom of the layer of slabs to the foot of the inclined braces and connected to and having the same anchorage, said anchorage being a block embedded in the top surface of the snbjacent' layer of concrete and a wedge inter osed between said block and the foot of t e inclined braces and a single nail extending through and securing the foot of the brace, the wedge, and its anchorage block.

9. A composite wall, comprising an outer facing of finishing material and an inner filling of concrete,-said wall being arranged in lavers, each layer having its outer facing provided with braces extending obliqufilelIy downward and anchored in the concrete ing of the subjacent layer.

'10. A composite wall, comprising an outer facing of finishing material and an inner filling of concrete, said wall being arranged in layers, each layer having its outer facing provided with braces extending obliquely downward and anchored in the concrete fillin of the subjacent layer and having also a liorizontal bracing anchored in the concrete filling of the subjacent layer.

11. A composite Wall, comprising an outer facing of finishing materia and an inner filling of concrete, said wall being arranged in layers, each layer, having its outer'faclng rovided with braces extending obliquelly ownward and anchored in the concrete ing of the subja'cent layer and a longitudinal metal reinforcing arranged between the layers. i

12. A composite wall, comprising an outer facing of finishing material and an inner the horizontal bracing of the outer facing.

13. A facing slab for concrete walls having a single anchor recess in the middle of its up er edge and an anchor recess in each end e go at the extremelower' corner adapted to register with the middle recess. of the subjacent slab to permit both of them to be locked by a single anchor in combination with a horizontal anchor having both up-. turned and downturned ends, the downturned ends entering the middle recess of the lower slab and the upturned ends entering the two adjacent recesses of the two super-- posed slabs.

14. A facing slab for concrete walls having a single anchor recess in the middle of its upper edge, an anchor recess in each end edge at the extreme lower corner and an anchor recess in each end edge near the top; i having a double dowel pin adapted to enter 10 in eembinetion with a horizontal anchor the end recesses of two ad acen't slabs near hevmg'lectli upturned and downturned ends the upper ends of the same.

adapted to'entei both the middle recess of a In testimony whereof I afiix my signature lewer glee/and the lower end recesses of the l in presence of two witnesses.

two gpper slabs and an inclined brace an- JOHN H. MAGDIEL. cher having its cross section in a vertical Witnesses: plane and adapted to enter the vertical'joint 5 NEPHI L. MORRIS,

between two slabs 0f the same layer and LOUIS FVELLe. 

